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Background
Hunger and sustainable agriculture
Poverty, hunger and undernourishment are closely connected. Around 75% of people living in absolute poverty live in rural regions in developing countries. Women and children are the most vulnerable social classes to the problems. By 2050, worldwide demand for food will be approximately doubled, accompanied by limited usable agricultural areas and an anticipated lower availability of water, diminishing soil fertility, and a continuing reduction in biodiversity and ecological stability.
Extensive experience is available from all continents which confirms that advanced traditional and alternative ecological forms of land use, applied as part of extensive sustainable agriculture concepts, offer great potential that has nowhere been exploited yet. The large-scale rollout of such successful concepts, however, requires that many different obstacles have to be overcome. Generally, the potential users of sustainable agriculture do not have sufficient access to relevant information. Often, the political, social and economic environment in the countries in question also pose a challenge to its implementation. Within the framework of its national sustainability strategy, Germany's Federal Government supports the pilot project Sustainet, which aims to overcome these obstacles.
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| Country |
HDI rank out of 177 countries |
Life expectancy
at birth in years |
Literacy rate among adults (in % from age 15) |
School enrolment rate (primary, secondary, tertiary) |
Real purchasing power per capita (in US $) |
HDI value (maximum value =1) |
| Brazil |
72 |
68.0 |
86.4 |
92 |
7.770 |
0.775 |
| Peru |
85 |
69.7 |
85.0 |
88 |
5.010 |
0.752 |
| Bolivia |
114 |
63.7 |
86.7 |
86 |
2.460 |
0.681 |
| India |
127 |
63.7 |
61.3 |
55 |
2.670 |
0.595 |
| Kenya |
148 |
45.2 |
84.3 |
53 |
1.020 |
0.488 |
| Tanzania |
162 |
43.5 |
77.1 |
31 |
580 |
0.407 |
| Germany |
19 |
78.2 |
- |
88 |
27.100 |
0.925 |
| Developing countries |
- |
64.6 |
76.7 |
60 |
4.054 |
0.663 |
| World |
- |
66.9 |
- |
64 |
7.804 |
0.729 |
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The Human Development Index (HDI) is published annually by the UNDP, the Development Programme of the United Nations.
The HDI is an attempt to illustrate the status of human development in the world's
countries using index values.
The Table shows the calculated indicators of human development in Sustainet's six pilot countries.
They are listed by HDI rank, which varies considerably across the countries.
Brazil, for instance, has the highest HDI rank; Tanzania ranks lowest.
According to the UNDP, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia and India are 'Medium Human Development' countries, while Kenya and Tanzania are considered 'Low Human Development' countries.
Here you can find more information:
United Nations Development Programme  https://www.undp.org
United Nations https://www.un.org
Source: UN Human Development Report 2004, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
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